Wei Chen, Peter Horsch, Dirk Manske
We demonstrate the general principle for flux quantization in field-induced quantum interference effects. For particles carrying a monopole moment, the interference causes monopole current to oscillate periodically with flux defined as inner product of field and area, whereas for particles carrying a fixed dipole moment, the dipole current oscillates periodically with flux vector defined as cross product of field and trajectory. Our analysis unifies the oscillation of monopole or dipole currents in various devices, such as SQUID and spin-FET, into the same physical picture. As consequence of these general principles and the non-gauge field nature of the coupling between dipole moments and external field, it follows that the quantization of the electric flux vector can also be seen in open trajectory devices that transport dipole currents, such as spin Josephson effect.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.0671
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