Dong-Ling Deng, Sheng-Tao Wang, Chao Shen, Lu-Ming Duan
Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators in general need to be protected by certain kinds of symmetries. The only peculiar exception is the Hopf insulators which are 3D intrinsic topological insulators characterized by an integer Hopf index. To demonstrate the existence and physical relevance of the Hopf insulators, we construct a class of tight-binding model Hamiltonians which realize all kinds of Hopf insulators with arbitrary integer Hopf index. These Hopf insulator phases have topologically protected surface states and we numerically demonstrate the robustness of these topologically protected states under general random perturbations with no symmetry constraints.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.7206
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